Common Daisy
Scientific Name: Leucanthemum praecox (Horvatic)
Family: Asteraceae
MORPHOLOGY
Growth habit and size: Perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of 20 – 40 (100) cm, woody at the base, glabrous or more or less hairy, simple or branched from the base, with a creeping rhizome from which shoots emerge.
Stem: Green, simple or slightly branched, glabrous, with reddish striations along the grooves.
Leaves: Basal leaves (10) 35 x (20) 80 mm, forming rosettes, varying in shape from obovate-cuneate to spatulate with incised-lobed (3-7) or entire or rounded blades that gradually taper into a 10-30 mm thickened, often winged petiole. Cauline leaves, middle and upper semi-amplexicaul, the latter
sessile, oblong-ovate with pinnatifid blades with irregularly spaced lobes.
Flowers: The inflorescence consists of (4) 6-7 cm diameter capitula, enclosed and protected by 3-4 series of overlapping scales with membranous purple margins (rarely concolorous) and ovate-oblong-lanceolate shapes 5-8 mm long. The peripheral flowers have white ligules (10-25 mm long), sympetalous, zygomorphic, with 2 – 3 small teeth at the apex; inner flowers are tetramerous forming a 4-7 cm diameter disk, yellow, with an apex divided into 5 lobes; peripheral flowers are female, central ones hermaphroditic. It blooms from February to October.
Fruits and seeds: The fruit is an oval-oblong achene, 1.5 – 2.5 mm long, with 10 ribs forming resinous canals; fruits produced in the outer radius bear rudimentary crowned pappi.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT
Found throughout Italy from sea level up to 1,500 m altitude, it prefers uncultivated land, moist meadows, roadsides, trail edges, and river and stream banks.
USE
Edible plant, with tender leaves that are consumed raw in mixed salads. Recognized for its antispasmodic, expectorant, and vulnerary properties. For external use, its vulnerary action is particularly evident in the healing of wounds, and mouth, gums, and throat ulcers. Distilled water made from the plant is effective as an eyewash for conjunctivitis. Before taking any plant-based product (medicinal or non-medicinal) for therapeutic or similar purposes, it is always advisable to consult a doctor.
INTERESTING FACTS
Not palatable as forage due to its partly woody nature, not grazed and thus considered harmful for pasture composition. Historically, the use of this flower is very ancient, with evidence on Egyptian vases (4000 B.C.) decorated with daisies. A popular custom of Celtic origin, still in use, involves plucking its petals one by one to predict whether a personal matter will have a positive or negative outcome. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in “Faust” also has Margarete perform this experiment to understand the intentions of her beloved (Faust), using the sequence “he loves me, he loves me not”.
Photo: Under a free license from Saxifraga and Ed Stikvoort, Bart Vastenhouw

















