Lungwort
Scientific Name: Pulmonaria officinalis L.
Family: Boraginaceae
MORPHOLOGY
Growth habit and size: A perennial, herbaceous, rhizomatous plant, reaching between 10 and 20 cm in height.
Stem: Short flowering stems in spring, spaced from the basal summer leaves, often with curved branches.
Leaves: Basal leaves are ovate-acuminate, 7-16 cm long, with cordate or truncate base and white spots, long petiolate (up to 16 cm), winged; upper parts have prickles mixed with glands and setae; cauline leaves are smaller.
Flowers: Hermaphrodite flower, actinomorphic sympetalous, with pink-violet corolla with cylindrical tube and expanded limb with 5 spreading lobes and ring of hairs; gamosepalous calyx with teeth. It blooms between March and May. It blooms from February to May.
Fruits and seeds: The fruit is a schizocarp formed by 2-4 mericarps.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT
Present in Abruzzo, Marche, and from Tuscany upwards. It grows from 100 m up to 1,500 m. Found in forests.
USE
According to the doctrine of signatures, the spotted appearance of Pulmonaria officinalis leaves resembles that of an unhealthy lung, and therefore its use was recommended for the treatment of respiratory ailments. Due to its chemical composition, characterized by the presence of mucilage and saponins, this plant is considered to have emollient, expectorant, and generally detoxifying effects in literature. Recent studies have explored the antioxidant activity and potential role as an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase and tyrosinase of Pulmonaria officinalis extracts, determining the content of active ingredients such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins. Studies have also been conducted to explore the potential use of Pulmonaria officinalis extracts in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, particularly Staphylococcus aureus infections that characterize the clinical course of this condition. Before taking any herbal product (medicinal or non-medicinal) for therapeutic or similar purposes, it is always advisable to consult a doctor.
The leaves, both raw and cooked, are used in food as a component of salads. They are also used in the production of bitters and vermouth.
Photo: kindly provided by Claudio Farinati





















