Goat’s Rue
Scientific Name: Galega officinalis L.
Family: Fabaceae
MORPHOLOGY
Habit and size: Perennial herbaceous plant, 50 to 100 cm tall, with a robust rhizome and an extensive root system.
Stem: Herbaceous stem, somewhat creeping, glabrous, hollow.
Leaves: Compound leaves, with stipules, pinnate with 11-15 segments, lanceolate-linear, mucronate at the apex, and entire margin.
Flowers: The flowers are clustered in elongated racemose inflorescences of 15-20 cm, flowering in the upper half of the peduncle. Calyx bell-shaped, with a tube of 2 mm and 5 linear teeth of 2-3 mm; the corolla, pale lilac in color, is 10 mm long, consisting of 1 keel, 2 wings, and 1 standard. Blooms from April to July.
Fruits and seeds: The fruit is a glabrous legume, constricted between the seeds, containing 2-3 seeds.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT
Naturalized alien throughout Italy except Aosta Valley, Puglia, and Sicily. Prefers fresh, uncultivated soils, ditch banks, rivers, and canals, including brackish areas, from 0 to 1300 m.
USE
In folk tradition, this herbaceous plant was known for its beneficial and lactation-stimulating action. Its galactogenic power was so appreciated that in some areas of the Po Valley, it was administered to postpartum women. It was also used as a vermifuge and externally for snakebites and insect stings. Goat’s rue is still used today in galenic preparations and herbal teas to increase lactation and diuresis. In the past, it was counted among edible plants. It seems that its fame arose due to the large consumption during the plague in Lombardy, so much so that it was believed to have antidote properties against this pestilence. These qualities were also known beyond borders, and in Germany, it was called “Pestilenzkraut,” meaning the herb of the plague. It was extensively cultivated as fodder for its lactation-stimulating active ingredients in cattle and to prolong milk yield. Cases of intoxication and death of livestock were later observed. Some scholars, including Leclerc, claimed that the plant became toxic during flowering and fruiting, so it was advised to use the drug before flowering. The seeds, at maturity, contain a high percentage of the alkaloid galegin, which forms at the beginning of flowering and may vary according to cultural and geological factors, causing general discomfort or poisoning effects if the use of the drug is prolonged and without medical control. It has been confirmed that galegin contained in the seeds has a hypoglycemic effect, due to the presence of chromium salts contributing to this action, although the presence of the percentage of alkaloids and chromium salts varies according to the quality of the plant. Unfortunately, not all researchers agree on its effectiveness, and a more thorough verification of the drug’s effects is still needed. Before taking any plant-based product (medicine or non-medicine) for therapeutic or similar purposes, it is always advisable to consult a medical professional.
Photo: Courtesy of Saxifraga and Ed Stikvoort, Rutger Barendse



















