Birthwort
Scientific name: Aristolochia clematitis L.
Family: Aristolochiaceae
MORPHOLOGY
Growth habit and size: Perennial herbaceous plant with creeping rhizome, height 20-100 cm.
Stem: Herbaceous, erect, simple or branched, sinuous and woody at the base.
Leaves: Spiral leaves with ovate-cordate blades, alternate, heart-shaped, blunt at the apex and long-petiolate, with finely toothed margins.
Flowers: Yellow zygomorphic flowers, 2-3 cm on long peduncles, pipe-shaped, with a perianth swollen at the base, clustered in the axils of the upper leaves, from 2 to many. Blooms from February to October.
Fruits and seeds: The fruits are pendulous capsules, ranging from ovoid to cylindrical, up to 3 cm in diameter, very large in proportion to the plant.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT
Widespread throughout Italy except Sardinia, Calabria, Basilicata, Campania, and Molise. Found along ditch edges, in abandoned fields, fallow land, and vineyards at altitudes between 0 and 1,000 m.
USES
Traditionally, this plant was used to stimulate childbirth and regulate the menstrual cycle. In folk medicine, it was recognized for its purgative, diuretic, astringent, and vulnerary properties. It was also used to alleviate rheumatism, gout, febrile states, and reptile bites. In ancient times, these uses were often based on the doctrine of signatures, such as the flower’s resemblance to a uterus or snake, beliefs that were later abandoned. The rhizome and leaves of this plant contain “aristolochic acid” which causes severe kidney damage, with a high incidence of urinary tract cancer. The use of products containing any species of the genus Aristolochia is strongly discouraged. In some countries, such as Germany, all Aristolochia-based products have been banned and permanently removed from the market due to their proven dangers. Before taking any plant-based product (medicinal or non-medicinal) for therapeutic or similar purposes, it is always advisable to consult a doctor.
INTERESTING FACTS
The golden-yellow flowers and the distinctive odor of Aristolochia are traps for insects, which slide into the corolla, slipping onto a waxy coating inside the floral tube, and are prevented from escaping by a barrier of hairs. When the flower withers, the trapped insects covered in pollen are released, ensuring pollination.
Photo: Under a free license from Saxifraga, Peter Meininger, Rutger Barendse

















